HIV (Human Immune Deficiency Virus / AIDS Virus)
→ 80-120 nm in size, single-stranded, enveloped, RNA virus is a retrovirus included in the group.
→ Construction of DNA synthesis from RNA virus which has reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes. HIV, constantly change the genetic structure because it is a retrovirus.
→ Ultraviolet radiation-resistant, 70% alcohol, soap and water washing (0.5% hypochlorite) is sensitive. It dies at 15-20 minutes in a chlorinated pool water. 30 minutes in temperatures of 56oc is based. The virus is highly resistant in dry and lyophilized form.
Antigenic Structure
- Core antigen (P24 antigens) and antigens used in serological tests important.
- Envelope antigens (gp160 antigens) is a glycoprotein structure. It consists of two parts.These free surface occurring gp120 (surface = SU), gp 41, is embedded in the surface and the membrane (transmembrane = TM) glycoproteins. HIV gp120 to receptors on the cell surface is involved in adhesion and fusion.
HIV, AIDS (acquired human Immuno Deficiency Syndrome = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is the causative agent of the disease.
Diagnostic Methods
Review Samples
- Serological analysis or virus must be Venous blood samples for determination routine.
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cells receiving the treated blood sample with heparin or EDTA are required for virus isolation. HIV also plasma, serum, CSF, saliva, tears, milk, urine, genital secretions also be isolated from infected tissues such as body fluids or samples. All kinds of clinical samples taken during the implementation process and should comply with standard precautions, gloves should be worn.
- Taken for serological testing plasma, serum and other body fluids should be kept at 200C or -700c. If the virus or viral antigen in the sample then the samples must be stored at -700c aranacaksa.
- If you get good results from Virus isolation is desired sample should be taken immediately after.
Serology:
Difficult when producing the virus in the culture, and reliable, most ELISA method is used for diagnosis in terms of results to be made quickly. Because while sometimes false positive screening test results obtained by ELISA for the detection of antibody western blot confirmatory test for a definitive diagnosis is made.
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