Microbiology Laboratory Turkey

Mikrobiyoloji Ile Ilgili Tüm Konuların Kısa ve Öz Anlatımları. Microbiology Lab Information.

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liver etiketine sahip kayıtlar gösteriliyor. Tüm kayıtları göster
liver etiketine sahip kayıtlar gösteriliyor. Tüm kayıtları göster

4 Mart 2019 Pazartesi

Mart 04, 2019

HBsAg Test | What Does It Mean Positive or Negative Results | Cassette Test

HBsAg Test

HBsAg is a virus, the most common cause of acute hepatitis. As with all viruses forming hepatitis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most serious form of the disease. Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus. 
 Sitting of hepatitis B virus between 1 to 6 months. Upon determination of the HBsAg for at least 6 months in the serum of chronic HBV infection it occurs. Hepatitis B, mild and asymptomatic infection to more severe liver disease and cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma meantime (liver cancer) can cause a number ranging table.

Hepatitis B virus, placing their genetic material into the liver cell, provide reproductive mechanism of proliferation of these cells by routine. The human body immune system, containing the genetic material of the virus to attack his own liver cells into action. So the virus damages the liver indirectly. incessant attacks of the immune system, resulting in damage and the death of liver cells.

Hepatitis B virus; blood products, dental treatment, sexual intercourse, sharing needles in intravenous drug use, tattoos made with contaminated instruments, acupuncture and ear during the piercing process and can be transmitted from mother to baby at birth. 
Today HBsAg test, as in the microbiology lab and commercial produced by different companies otoanalyser "tape test" is conducted NSAIDs. 
This test sample in 0.5ng / ml HBsAg virus can detect the remaining amount.


Goal
Based immunochromatographic of hepatitis B surface antigen in human serum or plasma is determined qualitatively. 
Wherewithal
  • Vial (made of heat-resistant plastic material usually screw cap sample storage tube) 
  • Centrifuge 
  • HBsAg test cassette 
  • Disposable plastic pipettes 
  • Fresh human serum or plasma sample  


Technical
  • The test cassette is brought to room temperature. 
  • removed from the test tray, the tea bag is placed on a flat surface. 
    •
  • Sample 2-3 drops hole plasma / serum added dropwise. Air bubbles should be avoided. 

Evaluation Test
Test results are read after 10-20 minutes. 
Formed after 20 minutes is not an attribute of any line in terms of diagnosis and should not be considered any results that occurred after 20 minutes. 
Results window only "C" in the section on the remaining one-line letter indicates a negative result. 
And the result window "C" and "T" in the section lines remaining on the letters indicates a positive result. 
At the end of the period to be expected no invisible line in the result window, the result is invalid. Experiments should be repeated with a new test.




Considerations Rules of HBsAg Cassette Test
Please read the instructions carefully before using the User. 
Never freeze the test cassette. Bring to room temperature before you use the test refrigerated products. Experiments at room temperature (15-30 ° C) should be performed.
Do not use expired test expiration.
Whenever you remove from the bag immediately use the test cassette.
Do not use the test cassette torn bag.
Use disposable gloves during the test
Material mouth, face, eye care and avoid contact with the exposed wound.
Do not eat or smoke during the experiment.
Hemolytic, lipemic or your use of the samples containing bacteria.


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4 Şubat 2019 Pazartesi

Şubat 04, 2019

Hepatitis C | HCV

Hepatitis C | HCV 

What is hepatitis C?

The hepatitis C (HCV) virus is spread through blood-to-blood contact and leads to inflammation of the liver. There is no vaccine to prevent HCV infection, however in many cases it can be cured.
Acute hepatitis C occurs when a person is infected with HCV for less than six months. One out of every three people infected clear the virus within six months. The others go on to have chronic hepatitis C.
The virus causes inflammation of the liver, which affects the way the liver works. The liver is an important organ that does many tasks essential for life and growth. If left untreated, HCV can result in a lot of scarring in the liver (cirrhosis), which stops the liver working properly. Liver damage can lead to liver cancer or liver failure.

What are the symptoms?

Many people with HCV have no symptoms. It is often referred to as a silent epidemic because people commonly don’t notice any symptoms until 20 or 30 years after infection. Any symptoms that do appear are usually mild and non-specific. The most common symptoms include:
  • Tiredness (fatigue)
  • Joint pain
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea
  • Abdominal pain.

How is hepatitis C spread?

Hepatitis C is spread through blood-to-blood contact. It is highly infectious and can survive outside the body for more than seven days. Those most at risk of HCV are people who:
  • Have injected drugs (even if only once)
  • Have received a tattoo or body piercing using unsterile equipment
  • Lived or received medical attention in a high-risk country (South East Asia, China, Eastern Europe (including Russia), or the Middle East)
  • Had a blood transfusion or received blood products prior to 1992
  • Have ever been in prison
  • Were born to a mother living with hepatitis C.

What tests are required to diagnose hepatitis C?

There are two blood tests needed to diagnose chronic hepatitis C.
  • Antibody test (anti-HCV) – Looks for antibodies and confirms whether you have ever been in contact with the hepatitis C virus. If this test if positive it doesn’t necessarily mean you are currently infected with hepatitis C, it means you have been infected at some point.
  • HCV RNA / hepatitis C antigen test – Confirms if the virus is present and whether you are infected.
  • Hepatitis C genotype test – HCV has six main sub-types. These sub-types or strains are called ‘genotypes’.

How to prevent infecting others?

Hepatitis C is spread through blood-to-blood contact. To avoid infecting others you should take the following steps:
  • Cover any open cuts or sores
  • Clean any blood spillage with household bleach (do not put bleach on your skin)
  • Avoid sexual practices which may risk blood contact
  • Do not share piercing, tattooing, drug injecting or snorting equipment
  • Do not donate blood
  • Do not share razors, towels, toothbrushes, or any object that may come into contact with blood.

Why is it important to be monitored?

Regular monitoring is important to assess the health of your liver. Blood tests can detect liver disease. If there is liver damage your GP can refer you to your local gastroenterology service for further assessment.

Who should I tell?

You do not have to tell anyone you have hepatitis, but you should take reasonable precautions to prevent the spread of the virus to others.
You may choose to share your diagnosis with particular people for support. It is often best to tell people you trust or people directly affected, such as household members or sexual partners.
Telling health care workers such as a doctor or nurse may be beneficial for good health care (e.g. prescribing the most appropriate medications). Health care workers, including dentists, are required to use standard infection control precautions for all situations and procedures that may involve exposure to blood or other bodily fluids, regardless of whether you have hepatitis or not.

Do I need to tell my employer? 

People living with hepatitis do not have to tell employers, unless you work in an environment that may put others at risk, such as healthcare. However, disclosure is not mandatory. Discrimination against people with hepatitis in the workplace is illegal.


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